๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์—†์Œ

๋ˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ FOMC์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์ธ์ƒ

FOMC ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๋ง

Federal Open Market Committee(FOMC)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค€๋น„์ œ๋„(Federal Reserve)์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ, ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ FOMC๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์™œ FOMC๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ?

FOMC๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•œ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ FOMC๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

FOMC์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ์šฉ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ด์ž์œจ์€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ถœ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘

FOMC์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

FOMC์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์žฅ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด FOMC์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ฃผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.